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Radiation therapy involves treatment with High energy X-rays thereby resulting in DNA damage by various mechanisms to the tumour cell, resulting in killing of these cells, leading to cell death.

There are two types of radiation therapy, namely External beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. External beam radiotherapy means that the source is at a sufficient distance from the target, thereby being non-invasive procedure; whereas in brachytherapy, source is inside specific tubings thereby being an invasive or semi-invasive procedure. External beam radiotherapy has shown tremendous improvements over the years, with techniques such as Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT), Stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT/SBRT) and so on. At Gleneagles Global Health City, we have one of the best machines, namely Varian TruBeam STX, that is capable of all high end techniques.

When a tumour is being treated, nearby normal cells also receive radiation, but since these cells have proper repair mechanisms, they do heal well. However, those tissues in the vicinity of the tumour bed do receive radiation, resulting in side-effects, which can be well controlled with the newer techniques mentioned. Also, with advanced technologies, treatment time is also shortened, and duration is also reduced with high end hypofractionated radiotherapy.

Radiation therapy is very safe both during and after treatment. Most of the common misnomers are that, after radiation therapy, body becomes radioactive, which are not so. During and after radiation therapy, patient can spend time with children, and their loved ones.

Side effects can be early-during treatment; or late-after treatment. Side effects are related to the sites that has been treated. Most of the side effects are self-limited and not worrisome. Contact your treating Oncologist for more information regarding the same.